Which agreement created a bicameral Congress with representation based on population in the House and equal representation in the Senate?

• A. The Great Compromise
• B. Federalism
• C. Separation of Powers
• D. Popular Sovereignty

Answer: (A)

Balancing representation in two houses is what this question is about. The arrangement that creates a bicameral Congress with representation by population in the lower house and equal representation in the upper house is the Great Compromise. It combined the large-state idea of proportional representation in the House with the small-state idea of equal representation in the Senate, so larger states don’t dominate and smaller states aren’t ignored. This led to two chambers: the House of Representatives, where seats are based on how many people live in each state, and the Senate, where each state gets two senators regardless of size. This solution was essential for moving the Constitution forward by addressing competing interests and making both national and state voices part of the legislative process. The other concepts—federalism, separation of powers, and popular sovereignty—play major roles in how the government is organized and how power is distributed, but they don’t describe how Congress itself is structured or how representation is allocated in its two houses.